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Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research .

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0505-2016 9267 downloads

II Consenso Brasileiro em Doença de Chagas, 2015
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Dias, João Carlos Pinto

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

; Gontijo, Eliane Dias

; Luquetti, Alejandro

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Torres, Rosália Morais

; Melo, José Renan da Cunha

; Almeida, Eros Antonio de

; Oliveira Jr., Wilson de

; Silveira, Antônio Carlos

; Rezende, Joffre Marcondes de

; Pinto, Fabiane Scalabrini

; Ferreira, Antonio Walter

; Rassi, Anis

; Fragata Filho, Abílio Augusto

; Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de

; Correia Filho, Dalmo

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Andrade, Glaucia Manzan Queiroz

; Britto, Constança Felícia De Paoli de Carvalho

; Pinto, Ana Yecê das Neves

; Rassi Jr., Anis

; Campos, Dayse Elisabeth

; Abad-Franch, Fernando

; Santos, Silvana Eloi

; Chiari, Egler

; Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel

; Moreira, Eliane Furtado

; Marques, Divina Seila de Oliveira

; Silva, Eliane Lages

; Marin-Neto, José Antonio

; Galvão, Lúcia Maria da Cunha

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Valente, Sebastião Aldo da Silva

; Carvalho, Noêmia Barbosa

; Cardoso, Alessandra Viana

; Silva, Rafaella Albuquerque e

; Costa, Veruska Maia da

; Vivaldini, Simone Monzani

; Oliveira, Suelene Mamede

; Valente, Vera da Costa

; Lima, Mayara Maia

; Alves, Renato Vieira

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Jun 2016, Volume 25 Nº spe Páginas 7 - 86

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A doença de Chagas é uma condição crônica negligenciada com elevada carga de morbimortalidade e impacto dos pontos de vista psicológico, social e econômico. Representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil, com diferentes cenários regionais. Este documento traduz a sistematização das evidências que compõe o Consenso Brasileiro de Doença de Chagas. O objetivo foi sistematizar estratégias de diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção e controle da doença de Chagas no país, de modo a refletir as evidências científicas disponíveis. Sua construção fundamentou-se na articulação e contribuição estratégica de especialistas brasileiros com conhecimento, experiência e atualização sobre diferentes aspectos da doença. Representa o resultado da estreita colaboração entre a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical e o Ministério da Saúde. Espera-se com este documento fortalecer o desenvolvimento de ações integradas para enfrentamento da doença no país com foco em epidemiologia, gestão, atenção integral (incluindo famílias e comunidades), comunicação, informação, educação e pesquisas.

ABSTRACT Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition that presents high morbidity and mortality burden, with considerable psychological, social, and economic impact. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on collaboration and contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with vast knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. This document shall strengthen the development of integrated control measures against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research.

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742016000500002 63592 downloads

II Consenso Brasileiro em Doença de Chagas, 2015
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Dias, João Carlos Pinto

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

; Gontijo, Eliane Dias

; Luquetti, Alejandro

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Torres, Rosália Morais

; Melo, José Renan da Cunha

; Almeida, Eros Antonio de

; Oliveira Jr., Wilson de

; Silveira, Antônio Carlos

; Rezende, Joffre Marcondes de

; Pinto, Fabiane Scalabrini

; Ferreira, Antonio Walter

; Rassi, Anis

; Fragata Filho, Abílio Augusto

; Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de

; Correia Filho, Dalmo

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Andrade, Glaucia Manzan Queiroz

; Britto, Constança Felícia De Paoli de Carvalho

; Pinto, Ana Yecê das Neves

; Rassi Jr., Anis

; Campos, Dayse Elisabeth

; Abad-Franch, Fernando

; Santos, Silvana Eloi

; Chiari, Egler

; Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel

; Moreira, Eliane Furtado

; Marques, Divina Seila de Oliveira

; Silva, Eliane Lages

; Marin-Neto, José Antonio

; Galvão, Lúcia Maria da Cunha

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Valente, Sebastião Aldo da Silva

; Carvalho, Noêmia Barbosa

; Cardoso, Alessandra Viana

; Silva, Rafaella Albuquerque e

; Costa, Veruska Maia da

; Vivaldini, Simone Monzani

; Oliveira, Suelene Mamede

; Valente, Vera da Costa

; Lima, Mayara Maia

; Alves, Renato Vieira

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Jun 2016, Volume 25 Nº spe. Páginas 7 - 86

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742016000500002 3725 downloads

Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the Pantanal region: association with Trypanosoma cruzi, different habitats and vertebrate hosts
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Santos, Filipe Martins

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Mourão, Guilherme de Miranda

; Jurberg, José

; Nunes, Alessandro Pacheco

; Herrera, Heitor Miraglia

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Out 2015, Volume 48 Nº 5 Páginas 532 - 538

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Brazilian Pantanal region has been studied during the last decade. Although considerable knowledge is available regarding the mammalian hosts infected by T. cruzi in this wetland, no studies have investigated its vectors in this region. This study aimed to investigate the presence of sylvatic triatomine species in different habitats of the Brazilian Pantanal region and to correlate their presence with the occurrences of vertebrate hosts and T. cruzi infection.METHODS: The fieldwork involved passive search by using light traps and Noireau traps and active search by visual inspection. The light traps were placed at five selected points along forested areas for seven nights during each of the nine excursions. At each point where a light trap was set, eight Noireau traps were placed in palm trees and bromeliads.RESULTS: In all, 88 triatomine bugs were collected: two and one individuals from light traps and Noireau traps, respectively; three from peridomestic areas; 23 in coati nests; and 59 in thornbird nests. In this study, active search in microhabitats showed higher efficiency than passive search, since 95% of the triatomine bugs were caught in nests. Further, triatomine bugs were only found to be infected by T. cruzi in coati nests.CONCLUSIONS: Coati nests might act as a point of convergence and dispersion for triatomine bugs and mammal hosts infected by T. cruzi, thereby playing an important role in the sylvatic cycle of T. cruziin the Pantanal region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0184-2015 2153 downloads

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up
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Lisboa, Cristiane Varella

; Monteiro, Rafael Veríssimo

; Martins, Andreia Fonseca

; Xavier, Samantha Cristina das Chagas

; Lima, Valdirene dos Santos

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Mai 2015, Volume 110 Nº 3 Páginas 394 - 402

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruziinfection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia(golden lion tamarin) andLeontopithecus chrysomelas(golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruziinfection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infectedDidelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority ofT. cruziisolates derived from L. rosaliawere shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruziisolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruziisolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruziin a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760140400 2064 downloads

Domestic, peridomestic and wild hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Caatinga area colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis
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Bezerra, Claudia Mendonça

; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes

; Souza, Rita de Cássia Moreira de

; Barbosa, Silvia Ermelinda

; Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Ramalho, Relrison Dias

; Diotaiut, Liléia

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Nov 2014, Volume 109 Nº 7 Páginas 887 - 898

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The role played by different mammal species in the maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi is not constant and varies in time and place. This study aimed to characterise the importance of domestic, wild and peridomestic hosts in the transmission of T. cruzi in Tauá, state of Ceará, Caatinga area, Brazil, with an emphasis on those environments colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis. Direct parasitological examinations were performed on insects and mammals, serologic tests were performed on household and outdoor mammals and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used on wild mammals. Cytochrome b was used as a food source for wild insects. The serum prevalence in dogs was 38% (20/53), while in pigs it was 6% (2/34). The percentages of the most abundantly infected wild animals were as follows: Thrichomys laurentius 74% (83/112) and Kerodon rupestris 10% (11/112). Of the 749 triatomines collected in the household research, 49.3% (369/749) were positive for T. brasiliensis, while 6.8% were infected with T. cruzi (25/369). In captured animals, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with T. laurentius, K. rupestris, Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Galea spixii, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, Conepatus semistriatus and Mus musculus. In animals identified via their food source, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with G. spixii, K. rupestris, Capra hircus, Gallus gallus, Tropidurus oreadicus and Tupinambis merianae. The high prevalence of T. cruzi in household and peridomiciliar animals reinforces the narrow relationship between the enzootic cycle and humans in environments with T. brasiliensis and characterises it as ubiquitous.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276140048 3964 downloads

Aspectos epidemiológicos da Doença de Chagas canina no semiárido paraibano
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Mendes, Rodrigo S.

; Santana, Vanessa L.

; Jansen, Ana M.

; Xavier, Samantha Cristina C.

; Vidal, Ivana F.

; Rotondano, Tereza E.F.

; Souza, Almir P.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Dez 2013, Volume 33 Nº 12 Páginas 1459 - 1465

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o objetivo de determinar os aspectos epidemiológicos que envolvem a doença de Chagas (DC) canina e identificar os principais fatores de risco da enfermidade no semiárido paraibano, foi conduzido um estudo na zona rural de Patos, onde a área foi dividida em três estratos amostrais (Norte, Sul e Oeste) e, em cada estrato foram amostradas aleatoriamente 294 casas, e dessas todos os cães domiciliados representaram as unidades elementares do estudo. Em cada unidade domiciliar foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para se obter informações sobre indicadores que favorecem a disseminação da doença no segmento peridomiciliar. O diagnóstico sorológico para DC em cães foi baseado em três métodos (RIFI, ELISA e HAI), sendo consideradas positivas aquelas amostras que apresentassem pelo menos dois testes reagentes e ausência de reatividade cruzada. Para zona rural do município, a prevalência de cães sororreagentes para T. cruzi por estrato amostral foram: Norte 6,05%, Sul 3,59% e Oeste 2,97%, correspondendo a uma prevalência em sua totalidade de 4,08%. Os fatores de riscos (odds ratio, OR) evidenciados em análise multifatorial foram: tipo de parede (OR=2,59 [1,24-5,4]), presença de armazém (OR=1,89 [1,31-3,0]), presença de galinheiros (OR=8,31 [1,29-61,7]), contato com animais (OR=9,11 [1,12-73,9]), contato com aves (OR=9,7 [1,81-52,83]), triatomíneos capturados (OR=16,58 [3,43-80,23]) e antropismo (OR=4,35 [1,36-14,0]. Diante dos resultados foi possível se obter informações inerentes à situação epidemiológica da Doença de Chagas ressaltando características biogeográficas da zona rural do semiárido paraibano, elevando a espécie canina e os fatores de risco evidenciados, em destaque ao contato com aves e ecótopos artificiais, operacionalizando indicadores a serem assistidos e considerados na cadeia de transmissão da doença na região.

In order to determine the epidemiological aspects involving canine Chagas disease (CD) and to identify major risk factors for the disease in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, a study was conducted in the rural area of Patos/Paraíba, Brazil, where the area was divided into three sampling strata (North, South and West) and, in each stratum we randomly sampled about 294 houses, and all the pet dogs represented the elementary units of study. In each household an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to obtain information on indicators that favor the spread of the disease in peridomestic segment. Serological diagnosis for CD in dogs was based on three methods (IFA, ELISA and HAI), considering positive samples that had at least two tests reagents and absence of cross-reaction. For the rural area, the prevalence of seropositive dogs for Trypanosoma cruzi by sampling stratum was: North 6.05%, South 3.59% and West 2.97%, corresponding to a total prevalence of 4.08%. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) were evidenced in multifactorial analysis: wall type (OR=2.59 [1.24-5.4]), presence at warehouse (OR=1.89 [1.31-3.0]), present at chicken stall (OR=8.31 [1.29-61.7]), contact with animals (OR = 9.11 [1.12-73.9]), contact with birds (OR=9.7 [1.81-52.83]), captured triatomines (OR=16.58 [3.43-80.23]) and anthropogenic (OR=4.35 [1.36-14.0]. From the results it was possible to obtain information pertaining to the epidemiological situation of Chagas Disease highlighting biogeographical characteristics of rural semi-arid region of Paraiba, raising dogs and the risk factors disclosed in the highlighted contact with birds and ecotopes operationalizing indicators to be watched and considered in the chain of transmission of the disease in the region.

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Population ecology of small rodents and marsupials in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of the southeast Pantanal, Brazil
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Andreazzi, Cecilia S. de

; Rademaker, Vitor

; Gentile, Rosana

; Herrera, Heitor M.

; Jansen, Ana M.

; D'Andrea, Paulo S.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Dez 2011, Volume 28 Nº 6 Páginas 762 - 770

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The Pantanal is a South American biome characterized by extensive plains and stark environmental seasonality. Several habitats are subject to annual flooding, forcing small mammal species to aggregate in dry forest patches, which most likely influences their population dynamics and life history strategies. In order to investigate the seasonal influence on the life history traits of these small mammals, we conducted a 2-year mark-recapture study in the southeastern region of the Brazilian Pantanal (Nhecolândia) and analyzed the population dynamics of the most abundant small mammal species with the jackknife estimator. A trapping effort of 21,560 trap-nights resulted in 615 individuals in 1,171 captures (success = 5.43%). Three species of rodents - Oecomys mamorae (Thomas, 1906), Thrichomys pachyurus (Wagner, 1845), and Clyomys laticeps (Thomas, 1841) - and three species of marsupials - Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854), Thylamys macrurus (Olfers, 1818), and Monodelphis domestica (Wagner, 1842) - were obtained. The most abundant species was O. mamorae, followed by G. agilis and T. pachyurus. Oecomys mamorae was more abundant in the wet season and presented an opportunistic reproductive strategy. Gracilianus agilis displayed increased population sizes in the dry season and synchronized, seasonal reproduction during the rainy season. Thrichomys pachyurus had a small population size, delayed response to variations in environmental conditions and higher reproductive rates in the dry season. All species revealed different life history strategies (seasonal, opportunistic or delayed response to environmental variations), coinciding with periods of higher resource availability in order to maximize survival.

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Chagas disease in prehistory
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Ferreira, Luiz F.

; Jansen, Ana M.

; Araújo, Adauto

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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Set 2011, Volume 83 Nº 3 Páginas 1041 - 1044

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A hipótese clássica sobre a origem da doença de Chagas propõe que tenha surgido entre as populações pré-históricas dos Andes quando começaram a domesticar animais, mudaram para hábitos sedentários e adotaram a agricultura. Estas mudanças em seus hábitos de vida aconteceram há aproximadamente 6.000 anos. Entretanto, os dados da paleoparasitologia, baseados na biologia molecular, mostraram que a infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi e a doença de Chagas eram comuns tanto em populações pré-históricas da América do Sul e América do Norte muito antes deste período. De acordo com os dados paleoparasitológicos, a doença de Chagas pode ser tão antiga quanto a presença humana no continente americano. O estudo sobre a origem e dispersão da infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi entre populações humanas pré-históricas pode auxiliar na compreensão de questões clínicas e epidemiológicas sobre a doença de Chagas que ainda permanecem sem resposta.

The classical hypothesis proposes that Chagas disease has been originated in the Andean region among prehistoric people when they started domesticating animals, changing to sedentary habits, and adopting agriculture. These changes in their way of life happened nearly 6,000 years ago. However, paleoparasitological data based on molecular tools showed that Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease were commonly found both in South and North American prehistoric populations long before that time, suggesting that Chagas disease may be as old as the human presence in the American continent. The study of the origin and dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among prehistoric human populations may help in the comprehension of the clinical and epidemiological questions on Chagas disease that still remain unanswered.

3837 downloads

10.

Paleoparasitology of Chagas disease: a review
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Araújo, Adauto

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Reinhard, Karl

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jul 2009, Volume 104 Supl. 1 Páginas 9 - 16

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

One hundred years since the discovery of Chagas disease associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection, growing attention has focused on understanding the evolution in parasite-human host interaction. This interest has featured studies and results from paleoparasitology, not only the description of lesions in mummified bodies, but also the recovery of genetic material from the parasite and the possibility of analyzing such material over time. The present study reviews the evidence of Chagas disease in organic remains excavated from archeological sites and discusses two findings in greater detail, both with lesions suggestive of chagasic megacolon and confirmed by molecular biology techniques. One of these sites is located in the United States, on the border between Texas and Mexico and the other in state of Minas Gerais, in the Brazilian cerrado (savannah). Dated prior to contact with Europeans, these results confirm that Chagas disease affected prehistoric human groups in other regions outside the Andean altiplanos and other transmission areas on the Pacific Coast, previously considered the origin of T. cruzi infection in the human host.

6985 downloads Citado 11 vezes em SciELO

11.

Pre-Columbian Chagas disease in Brazil: Trypanosoma cruzi I in the archaeological remains of a human in Peruaçu Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Fernandes, Alexandre

; Iñiguez, Alena M

; Lima, Valdirene S

; Souza, Sheila MF Mendonça de

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando

; Vicente, Ana Carolina P

; Jansen, Ana M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Ago 2008, Volume 103 Nº 5 Páginas 514 - 516

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

We evaluated the presence and distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in a mummy presenting with megacolon that was dated as approximately 560 ± 40 years old. The mummy was from the Peruaçu Valley in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All samples were positive for T. cruzi minicircle DNA, demonstrating the presence and broad dissemination of the parasite in this body. From one sample, a mini-exon gene fragment was recovered and characterized by sequencing and was found to belong to the T. cruzi I genotype. This finding suggests that T. cruzi I infected humans during the pre-Columbian times and that, in addition to T. cruzi infection, Chagas disease in Brazil most likely preceded European colonization.

3127 downloads Citado 7 vezes em SciELO

12.

Maintenance and breeding of Thrichomys (Trouessart, 1880) (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in captivity
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Teixeira, Bernardo Rodrigues

; Roque, André Luiz R

; Barreiros-Gómez, Simone Cristina

; Borodin, Pavel Mikhailovitch

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; D'Andrea, Paulo Sérgio

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Out 2005, Volume 100 Nº 6 Páginas 527 - 530

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

South American histricognath rodents Thrichomys apereoides laurentius and Thrichomys pachyurus are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease. We established breeding colonies of these species to serve as experimental models in various parasitological studies. Both species of Thrichomys have all the requirements necessary to become excellent laboratory models: they can be easily maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and breed throughout the year and they do not have any special dietary demands and can be fed by standard food pellets designed for laboratory mice. Both species produce precocious offspring that have their eyes and ears open, teeth erupted, fur well developed, and can eat solid food in the first week of life. T. a. laurentius has larger litter sizes and lower body masses at birth and weaning than T. pachyurus. Moreover, females of T. a. laurentius reach puberty earlier and with lower body mass than T. pachyurus.

2440 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

13.

Enfoques conceptuales y propuestas metodológicas para el estudio de las interacciones entre el medio ambiente y la salud: aplicación a un programa de investigación sobre la tripanosomiasis americana
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Romaña, Cristina

; Emperaire, Laure

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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Ago 2003, Volume 19 Nº 4 Páginas 945 - 953

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Modifications of the landscape by human activity and migratory movements contribute to the emergence or reemergence of zoonotic and human diseases, particularly those transmitted by insects which often escape the changing environmental conditions, adapting and modifying their trophic networks and morphology, including their genotype. A better understanding of relationships between ecological factors, human factors, and anthropozoonoses is vital to be able to identify variables that allow one to map the risk for human populations. This is the main objective of the research program Landscape Ecology, Land-Use Dynamics, and Eco-Pathogenic Complexes: Eco-Epidemiologic Risk in the Case of American Trypanosomiasis, developed in various Brazilian ecosystems. The authors describe the program's conceptual and methodological basis and highlight the role of eco-epidemiology for studying the structure and function of natural and anthropogenic foci of infection. Modeling spatial and temporal dynamics can help predict and monitor such tropical diseases.

Las modificaciones del paisaje causadas por las actividades y migraciones humanas contribuyen en hacer emerger o re-emerger enfermedades tropicales, particularmente aquellas cuya transmisión se realiza por insectos vectores que a menudo deben escapar a las condiciones cambiantes ambientales, adaptándose y modificando sus redes tróficas, su morfología, hasta su genotipo. Obtener una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre los factores ecológicos y humanos y las antropozoonosis es vital para poder identificar variables que permitan cartografiar el riesgo para las poblaciones humanas. Este es el objetivo del programa de investigación Ecología del Paisaje, Dinámica de los Agro-Ecosistemas y Complejos Eco-Patógenos: La Definición del Riesgo Eco-Epidemiológico en la Tripanosomiasis Americana que se desarrolla en diferentes ecosistemas del Brasil. Los autores describen las bases conceptuales y metodológicas del programa e insisten sobre el rol del método eco-epidemiológico para el estudio de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los focos naturales y antropizados de la infección. Modelizar su dinámica espacial y temporal permite concebir nuevos útiles de predicción y de vigilancia.

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Romaña, Cristina

; Emperaire, Laure

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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Ago 2003, Volume 19 Nº 4 Páginas 945 - 953

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

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15.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors
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Cabrera, Maria Alice A.

; Paula, Adelzon A.

; Camacho, Luis Antonio B.

; Marzochi, Mauro Célio A.

; Xavier, Samanta C.

; Silva, Alba Valéria M. da

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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Abr 2003, Volume 45 Nº 2 Páginas 79 - 83

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Barra de Guaratiba é uma região litorânea da cidade do Rio de Janeiro onde a leishmaniose visceral americana é endêmica. Apesar das medidas de controle aplicadas nessa localidade, incluindo sacrifício de cães e borrifação de inseticidas, a soroprevalência canina está estimada em 25% e durante 1995 e 1997, 8 casos humanos autóctones foram notificados. Para avaliar fatores de risco relacionados com o aumento da infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em cães, nós examinamos 365 cães utilizando a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) e capturamos flebótomos em ambientes doméstico e peridoméstico. Algumas variáveis relacionadas à infecção foram avaliadas por análise uni e multivariada. A distância da residência a borda da floresta, sua altitude e presença do gambá Didelphis marsupialis no quintal, foram considerados fatores preditores da infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasiem cães de Barra de Guaratiba. A presença de Lutzomyia longipalpis em ambiente peridoméstico indica a possibilidade de ocorrência de novos casos humanos. Nossos dados também sugerem a presença de um ciclo enzoótico nessa localidade.

Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

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